Today, I am going to talk about the differences among two authors, Krashen and Swain. The first one is known because of his "Natural Approach", he says that a second language is acquired in the same way children learn their mother tongue. Thus, we acquire another language when we are able to understand messages so the emphasis would be on meaningful interactions. Otherwise, Swain states that learning takes place when encountering a 'gap' in the linguistic knowledge of the second language.
On the other hand, Krashen focuses on input and he tells that comprehensible one need to be at the right level during learning while Swain says that output is also critical and it enhances fluency and creates awareness of language knowledge gaps. Moreover, about acquisition, Krashen mentions that if we are under stress or anxiety, it will decrease. So, children will learn more if their anxiety rate is low. Thereby, Swain defends output and says that it provides opportunities to experiment with language forms and structures. Also, it obtains feedback from others about language use. Finally, regarding grammar, Krashen tells that it cannot be explained because students can only notice it once it is internalized, so the grammar and vocabulary can only be acquired in a natural way.
After all these statements, what do you think? Who do you think is right?
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